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leehughesandClaude Opus 4.5 5554341b49 Add LoRa sensor network support

- Design LoRa packet protocol with CRC16 validation
- Add protocol header files (lora_protocol.h, lora_packet.h)
- Create battery-powered remote node firmware template
  - Support for DHT22, BME680, DS18B20 sensors
  - Deep sleep for battery conservation
  - Automatic gateway registration
- Add LoRa receive to gateway firmware
  - RadioLib SX1262 integration
  - Node registry for tracking up to 16 nodes
  - HTTP forwarding of received readings
  - ACK responses to remote nodes
- Create comprehensive setup guide with wiring diagrams

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

2026-01-24 17:50:53 -06:00

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ZNET LoRa Remote Sensor Node

Battery-powered sensor nodes that transmit temperature, humidity, and air quality data to the ZNET gateway via LoRa.

Supported Hardware

Board	Chip	LoRa	Notes
Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V3	ESP32-S3	SX1262	Recommended - built-in OLED
TTGO LoRa32 V2.1	ESP32	SX1276	Budget option
DIY ESP32 + SX1276	ESP32	SX1276	Full customization

Supported Sensors

Sensor	Data	Use Case
DHT22	Temp + Humidity	Ambient monitoring
BME680	Temp + Humidity + Pressure + Gas	Air quality monitoring
DS18B20	Temperature (high precision)	Remote tank monitoring

Quick Start

1. Install PlatformIO

pip install platformio

2. Configure Node

Edit include/config.h:

// Set unique node ID or use 0xFFFF for auto-assign
#define NODE_ID 0x0101

// Node name (max 8 chars)
#define NODE_NAME "Ambient1"

// Report interval (seconds)
#define REPORT_INTERVAL_SEC 60

3. Build & Upload

cd remote-node

# For Heltec V3 with DHT22:
pio run -e heltec_v3_dht22 --target upload

# For Heltec V3 with BME680:
pio run -e heltec_v3_bme680 --target upload

# For TTGO board:
pio run -e ttgo_lora32_v21 --target upload

4. Monitor Output

pio device monitor

Wiring

DHT22 Sensor

ESP32 GPIO7 ─────────── DHT22 DATA
ESP32 3.3V ──────────── DHT22 VCC
ESP32 GND ───────────── DHT22 GND

10kΩ pullup between DATA and VCC

BME680 Sensor (I2C)

ESP32 SDA (21) ──────── BME680 SDA
ESP32 SCL (22) ──────── BME680 SCL
ESP32 3.3V ──────────── BME680 VCC
ESP32 GND ───────────── BME680 GND

Battery Connection

LiPo + ─────┬───────── ESP32 VBAT
            │
           ┌┴┐
           │ │ 100kΩ
           └┬┘
            ├───────── ADC Pin (Battery monitoring)
           ┌┴┐
           │ │ 100kΩ
           └┬┘
            │
LiPo - ─────┴───────── ESP32 GND

Power Consumption

State	Current	Notes
Deep Sleep	~10 μA	ESP32 deep sleep
Active (reading)	~15 mA	Sensor reading
TX	~80 mA	LoRa transmission
Average @ 60s	~1 mA	Typical

Battery Life Estimates (1000mAh LiPo)

Interval	Battery Life
30 sec	~2 weeks
60 sec	~1 month
5 min	~6 months
10 min	~1 year

Protocol

See ../docs/LORA_PROTOCOL.md for full LoRa packet specification.

Node ID Ranges

Range	Purpose
0x0001-0x00FF	Tank sensors
0x0100-0x01FF	Ambient (DHT22)
0x0200-0x02FF	Environmental (BME680)
0xFFFF	Auto-assign

Troubleshooting

No LoRa transmission

Check LoRa frequency matches gateway (915 MHz for US)
Verify SPI pins are correct for your board
Check serial monitor for "LoRa init failed" errors

Sensor read fails

Check wiring connections
Verify correct GPIO pins in config.h
For I2C sensors, run I2C scanner to verify address

Short battery life

Increase REPORT_INTERVAL_SEC
Disable OLED (ENABLE_OLED 0)
Disable serial debug in production (ENABLE_SERIAL_DEBUG 0)

Not receiving ACKs

Verify gateway is running and receiving
Check sync word matches (0x12)
Reduce spreading factor if range is short (better reliability)

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